Noun Clauses

Definition:

A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject,object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause.

Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses andwh-clauses:

• that-clause: I believe that everything happens for a reason.


• wh-clause: How do I know what I think, until I seewhat I say?

Noun clause used as an object He said something. S V O He said that he was sick. Noun clause used as a subject Something is your business. S V Whatever you do is your business. Someone is still in the cafeteria. S V Whoever ate my lunch is still in the cafeteria.

What did he say? What is your business? Who is in the cafeteria?

The subordinator may take the "subject" or "object" position in a noun clause.

Note the usage of the following:

Henry loves Mary. (S V O) Mary loves Jim. (S V O) The person who(m) Lee loves is a secret. The person who loves Tim is a secret. Who(m) Henry loves is a secret. Who loves Tim is a secret.

Mary is the "object" of the sentence. Mary is the "subject" of the sentence. Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position) Relative clause (subordinator in subj. position) Noun clause (subordinator in obj. position) Noun clause (subordinator in subj. position)

Subordinators which are used in noun clauses:

(Some of these words are also used in Grammar: Relative Clauses and Grammar: Wh - Questions.)

that what who whoever whatever whether

which where when how why if

how much how many how long how far how often whose

Remember to preserve word order in noun clauses:

I don't know who he is.

Whoever she is is not important.

Whatever is in the box is a mystery.

Can you tell me what he is doing?

She doesn't undestand why he is leaving.

I wonder how much that costs.

Do you know how long it will take?

Adjective Clauses

Adjective clause masih menjadi pembelajaran dikelas saat ini, jadi shilakan dilihat saja dulu sebagai bahan menguasai materi ini dan semoga tetap berguna walaupun agak ribet.
hehehe

Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, giving a description or more information. An adjective clause is simply a group of words with a subject and a verb that provide a description. The clause starts with a pronoun such as who, whom, that, or which or an adverb such as when, where and why.
Here are several examples of sentences with the adjective clauses:

• Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy.
• The people whose names are on the list will go to camp.
• Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television.
• Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
• Students who are intelligent get good grades.
• Eco-friendly cars that run on electricity save gas.
• I know someone whose father served in World War II.
• Making noise when he eats is the main reason why Sue does not like to eat with her brother.
• The kids who were called first will have the best chance of getting a seat.
• Running a marathon, a race of twenty-six miles, takes a lot of training.
• I enjoy telling people about Janet Evanovich whose latest book was fantastic.
• The people waiting all night outside the Apple store are trying to purchase a new iPhone.
• “He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe is as good as dead.” – Albert Einstein
• “Those who do not complain are never pitied.” – Jane Austen
• “People demand freedom of speech to make up for the freedom of thought which they avoid.” – Søren Kierkegaard
• “Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.” – Erma Bombeck.

An adjective clause must have a subject and a verb. It begins with a relative pronoun (who,whose,that,or which) or a relative adverb (when,where,or why).